Countries wanting to tackle migration should follow Switzerland’s lead and boost local economies rather than punish individuals

Switzerland wants to give Tunisians an incentive to stay home rather than leave for Europe, but instead of building walls it’s investing in promoting tourism to the region to create jobs.

The European Union desperately wants to agree on a plan to curb the influx of migrants, possibly by creating vast holding camps in Africa. Donald Trump’s America wants to frighten off migrants from Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador by locking them up and taking away their children. Neither will work but here’s a canny immigration control strategy that might.

Next month, the tourism bureau for Dahar in Tunisia will begin to advertise the country’s south eastern region to European travellers. The organisation, described by its Swiss government sponsors as the first such body in Tunisia, will sell the troglodyte dwellings seen in Star Wars and the spectacular mountains in The English Patient to the adventurous and the jaded. It will market the Dahar region, on the edge of the Sahara Desert, as a unique, untapped tourist destination. The region has little name recognition, with British and European tourists mostly heading instead for the nearby island of Djerba, with its picturesque whitewashed buildings and the oldest synagogue in Africa.

“It’s meant to contain illegal immigration,” Olivier Bovet of the Swiss Embassy in Tunis, tells me. “We are interested in creating employment so that Tunisians can envisage a future in this country.”

Clearly Switzerland wants to give Tunisians an incentive to stay home rather than leave for Europe. After the Arab Spring, several thousand Tunisians reportedly turned up in Switzerland, which led Swiss policy planners to hastily create a North Africa Programme and rejig the list of countries to which they gave development aid. And it’s not just Tunisian migration they’re hoping to curb – Tunisia is a key transit country for migrants from across sub-Saharan Africa.

Traditionally, the Swiss supported countries that were rather like them – small, landlocked and mountainous – which is why Nepal, Rwanda and Bolivia for instance received aid. But after the 2011 Arab uprisings, Tunisia and Egypt were added on. In 2014, the Swiss government decided it could best support Tunisia by helping it help itself and the idea of “building a destination” in the geographically unique Dahar area was born.

The Swiss project in Tunisia is exactly the sort of template we need at a time “no entry” signs are going up across much of the rich world, with both asylum-seekers and economic migrants increasingly unwelcome.

Countries that want to discourage immigration need to do more than dehumanise migrants. When Trump says migrants will “infest” the United States, it may play well to his base but such statements are of little practical use. So too the threat by Italy’s far-right interior minister Matteo Salvini to “purify” his country through mass deportations.

Walls similarly will not keep out the uninvited. The US could better use the $25bn Trump wants to spend on a “big beautiful wall” on America’s southern border by investing in the Mexican economy and in governance, security and rule-of-law mechanisms deeper in Central America.

With the number of displaced people worldwide setting new records every year – it was 68.5 million in 2017, according to the UN Refugee Agency’s latest report – migration is not a crisis with a clear start and end point. It is a process, a continuous flow of people seeking refuge from persecution, or chasing dreams of a better life. As a recent paper co-authored by sociologist Hein de Haas of the International Migration Institute of Oxford University says: “Migrants from an increasingly diverse array of non-European-origin countries (are) concentrating in a shrinking pool of prime destination countries.”